The Aztec people, also known as the Mexica, built a powerful empire in Mesoamerica from the 14th to 16th centuries. Originating as a nomadic tribe, they migrated to the Valley of Mexico, eventually establishing their capital, Tenochtitlan, on an island in Lake Texcoco.
Known for their sophisticated social structure, the Aztecs had a complex hierarchy with emperors, nobles, warriors, priests, and commoners. Their religious beliefs were deeply intertwined with daily life, featuring a pantheon of gods and elaborate rituals, including human sacrifice, to appease them.
The Aztec civilization excelled in agriculture, developing innovative techniques like chinampas (floating gardens) to increase food production. They were also skilled artisans, creating intricate sculptures, jewelry, and featherwork. Their empire expanded through conquest, extracting tribute from subjugated peoples.
Ultimately, the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century led to the downfall of the Aztec Empire. Despite its relatively short lifespan, the Aztec civilization left a lasting legacy, shaping the cultural landscape of Mexico and influencing art, architecture, and language to this day.
